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Sir Robert Stawell Ball FRS (1 July 1840 – 25 November 1913) was an Irish astronomer who founded the screw theory. ==Life== He was the son of naturalist Robert Ball and Amelia Gresley Hellicar. He was born in Dublin. Ball worked for Lord Rosse from 1865 to 1867. In 1867 he became Professor of Applied Mathematics at the Royal College of Science in Dublin. There he lectured on mechanics and published an elementary account of the science.〔R.S. Ball (1871) (Experimental Mechanics: A course of lectures delivered at the Royal College of Science for Ireland ) from Google books〕 In 1874 Ball was appointed Royal Astronomer of Ireland and Andrews Professor of Astronomy in the University of Dublin at Dunsink Observatory.〔(Ball, Robert Stawell ) from Askaboutireland.ie〕 Ball contributed to the science of kinematics by delineating the screw displacement: :When Ball and the screw theorists speak of screws they no longer mean actual cylindrical objects with helical threads cut into them but the possible motion of any body whatsoever, including that of the screw independently of the nut. Ball's treatise ''The Theory of Screws'' (1876) is now in the public domain.〔R.S. Ball (1876) (The Theory of Screws: A study in the dynamics of a rigid body ) from Internet Archive〕 His work on screw dynamics earned him in 1879 the Cunningham Medal of the Royal Irish Academy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Robert Stawell Ball )〕 In 1882 Popular Science Monthly carried his article "A Glimpse through the Corridors of Time".〔R.S. Ball (1882) A Glimpse through the Corridors of Time from Wikisource〕 The following year it carried his two-part article on "The Boundaries of Astronomy".〔R.S. Ball (1883) ''The Boundaries of Astronomy'' Part I and Part II〕 Ball expounded the tides in ''Time and Tide: a Romance of the Moon''〔See Project Gutenberg〕 In 1892 he was appointed Lowndean Professor of Astronomy and Geometry at Cambridge University at the same time becoming director of the Cambridge Observatory. He was a fellow of King's College, Cambridge. In 1900 Cambridge University Press published ''A Treatise on the Theory of Screws''〔R.S. Ball (1900) (A Treatise on the Theory of Screws ), weblink from Cornell University Historical Math Monographs〕 That year he also published ''The Story of the Heavens''〔''The Story of the Heavens'' is available from Project Gutenburg (external link)〕 Much in the limelight, he stood as President of the Quaternion Society. He was also President of the Mathematical Association in 1900. In 1908 he published ''A Treatise on Spherical Astronomy'',〔R. S. Ball (1908) (A Treatise on Spherical Astronomy ) Google preview〕 which is a textbook on astronomy starting from spherical trigonometry and the celestial sphere, considering atmospheric refraction and aberration of light, and introducing basic use of a generalised instrument. His work ''The Story of the Heavens'' is mentioned in the "Ithaka" chapter of Ulysses. His lectures, articles and books (e.g. ''Starland'' and ''The Story of the Heavens'') were mostly popular and simple in style. He died in Cambridge and was buried at the Parish of the Ascension Burial Ground in Cambridge, with his wife Lady Francis Elizabeth Ball.〔(Papworth Astronomy Club » Blog Archive » Mark Hurn – “Sir Robert Stawell Ball” ). Papworthastronomy.org. Retrieved on 7 June 2014.〕 Their children were: Frances Amelia, Robert Steele, William Valentine (later Sir), Mary Agnetta, Charles Rowan Hamilton, and Randall Gresley (later Colonel). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Robert Stawell Ball」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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